We are undertaking research to explore the supramolecular assembly of molecules into new materials, using coordination chemistry usually to fasten the molecules together. Jan 09, 2009 supramolecular chemistry is an uptodate, integrated textbook that tells the newcomer to the field everything they need to know to get started. Supramolecular chemistry methods are widely used in chemical analysis, medicine, catalysis and photochemistry. Dendritic crystal an overview sciencedirect topics. Jul 07, 2009 dendritic molecules capable of selfassembly have potential applications as liquid crystalline and electronic materials 35 40. It is one of todays fastest growing disciplines, crossing a range of subjects from biological chemistry to materials science. Inspired by biological systems, supramolecular chemistry aims at developing highly complex chemical systems from components interacting by noncovalent intermolecular forces, and over last two decades has grown into a major domain of modern teaching, research and technology with a broad multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary characteristic. Dendritic shapes of bulk and surface crystals usually appear as a result of strong differences in growth rates of different crystallographic planes, which often leads to fractal formation. Pdf supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals researchgate. Liquid crystals liquid crystals lcs are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal1, e.
Control of the selfassembly of small molecules to generate architectures with diverse shapes and dimensions is a challenging research field. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic molecules miguel cano, antoni snchezferrer, jos luis serrano, nlida gimeno, and m. While a supramolecular assembly can be simply composed of two molecules e. Random squaretriangle tilingsa model for twelvefoldsymmetrical quasi. Hobbs3 1department of engineering materials, university of shef. Supramolecular definition of supramolecular by merriamwebster. Softmatter systems are another class of versatile materials that can exhibit quasicrystalline ordering across suprananometer 10 nm to supramicrometer. Supramolecular chemistry is the domain of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules. Assuming little in the way of prior knowledge, the book covers the concepts behind the subject, its breadth, applications and the latest contemporary thinking in the area. Structural and retrostructural analysis of supramolecular dendrimers revealed that biphenylpropyl ether dendrons selfassemble and selforganize into the same periodic lattices and quasi periodic arrays observed in previously reported libraries, but with larger dimensions, different mechanisms of selfassembly, and improved solubility, thermal.
Sangeetha and uday maitra received 28th june 2005 first published as an advance article on the web 23rd august 2005 doi. Supramolecular chemistry supramolecular chemistry is a relatively new field of chemistry which focuses quite literally on going beyond molecular chemistry. We show how functionality can be inbuilt into such materials so that selforganizing functional systems can be created with designer physical. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals article pdf available in nature 4286979. Overall, then, this book presents a cheerful and optimistic picture of supramolecular chemistry. We have shown that the use of hydrogen bonding for the design of liquid crystalline materials is a versatile approach to the control of simple molecularly assembled structures and the induction of. These solid state materials exhibit quasicrystalline atomic ordering at nanometer length scales. We take the concept of the creation of dendritic liquid crystals and apply it to the creation of new materials with single identifiable entities so that they are monodisperse or are single compounds. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals nature. Selfassembling dendritic amphiphiles have produced different nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties. There are many different types of liquidcrystal phases, which can be distinguished by their. Krongauz of the weizmann institute of science, in the nature paper, quasi crystals from irradiated photochromic dyes in an applied. Dendritic molecules capable of selfassembly have potential applications as liquid crystalline and electronic materials 35 40.
Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals xiangbing zeng 1, goran ungar, yongsong liu, virgil percec2, andre. Supramolecular architectures of dendritic amphiphiles in. Ever since the discovery of quasicrystals, periodic approximants of these. The structure of this liquid quasicrystal lqc is periodic in the. Selfassembly of softmatter quasicrystals and their approximants. The underlying mechanism in most of these soft quasicrystals seems to be the. Supramolecular chemistry fundamentals and applications. Within a certain domain, the molecules are well ordered. Supramolecular definition of supramolecular by the free.
Quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid crystal films. How izattchristensen award winners shaped the field by reed m. Hierarchical selforganization of abn dendronlike molecules. Zeng x1, ungar g, liu y, percec v, dulcey ae, hobbs jk. Supramolecular chemistry is chemistry beyond the molecule the chemistry of molecular assemblies and intermolecular bonds.
Supramolecular crystals and crystallization are general concepts used to describe broader aspects of ordered structures and their formation in the threedimensional 3d bulk and solution and in 2d thin film states at length scales ranging from subnanometers to submicrometers. In recent years, fk a15 and sigma phases have been found in supramolecular assemblies by many soft materials including dendrimers, block copolymers, liquid crystals, colloidal particles, giant tetrahedra and giant surfactants, etc. Supramolecular organization of dendritic supermolecules into. Different from those fk phases in metal alloys where distinct sizes and electronic states of metal atoms are involved, many examples of fk lattices in soft. However, the difference in growth rates for ge on si111 are not significant in the middle temperature range. The overall structure of the dendritic supermolecules consists of two chemically incompatible molecular moieties, covalently connected by combinatory crosscoupling dendrimers ii. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystallike way. A brief introduction to the field of supramolecular chemistry. Quasi crystals are supramolecular aggregates exhibiting both crystalline solid properties as well as amorphous, liquidlike properties selforganized structures termed quasi crystals were originally described in 1978 by the israeli scientist valeri a. Sandeep kumar, nanoparticles in the supramolecular order of discotic liquid crystals, liquid crystals, 10. We have shown that the use of hydrogen bonding for the design of liquid crystalline materials is a versatile approach to the control of simple molecularly assembled structures and the induction of dynamic function.
Crystals free fulltext quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid. Self assembly and selforganization of supermolecular liquid. Aligned carbon nanotubes in the supramolecular order of. Main concepts of the supramolecular chemistry are molecular selfassembly, molecular recognition and complexation, templatedirected synthesis, mechanically. Quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid crystal films mdpi. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals, nature 428, 157160 2004. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic molecules. It is therefore important to be able to deliberately construct covalent and supramolecular architectures involving dendritic species. It is particularly good on interfacial systems where the authors are clearly world leaders.
Assuming little in the way of prior knowledge, the book covers the concepts behind the subject, its breadth, applications and the latest contemporary thinking in. The book concentrates on a few wellchosen systems, describing them extensively and with enthusiasm. The surprising recent discoveries of quasicrystals and their approx imants in. A supramolecular assembly or supermolecule is a well defined complex of molecules held together by noncovalent bonds. Supramolecular selection in molecular and framework cocrystals ii abstract one of the ongoing challenges in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering is the development of methods for synthesising multifunctional crystalline materials that have predictable structural architectures and tunable solidstate properties. The synthesis and selforganizing behaviour into liquid crystalline mesophases of two libraries of segmented block codendrimers are described.
Covering an expanding and highly coveted subject area, supramolecular soft matter enlists the services of leading researchers to help readers understand and manipulate the electronic properties of supramolecular soft materials for use in organic optoelectronic devices, such as. Selfassembly of softmatter quasicrystals and their. Frankkasper, quasicrystalline and related phases in liquid crystals. Supramolecular and dendritic liquid crystals request pdf. Research in our group falls under the theme of supramolecular materials. It has been theorized that softmatter quasicrystals and approximants. The emphases are associated with the chemistry within dendrimers rather than on the periphery. Zeng et al 2004 supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals. Molecular engineering of liquid crystals is an important issue for controlling the selfassembling ability and the selforganizing processes of single moieties into periodically ordered meso and nanostructures. Crossref jan lagerwall and giusy scalia, carbon nanotubes in liquid crystals, handbook of liquid crystals, 140, 2014. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic. Since their selfassembly in water is greatly relevant for biomedical.
Linear supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymers were formed with reversible chain extension in solution by selfassembly of two complimentary homoditopic molecules with secondary ammonium ion and dibenzo24crown8 moieties. Supramolecular chemistry is an uptodate, integrated textbook that tells the newcomer to the field everything they need to know to get started. Molecular material properties depend upon the contacts between and the arrangement of the component parts, and therefore supramolecular chemistry has developed a highly important role in this area. Supramolecular definition is more complex than a molecule. A supramolecular photonic device porphyrins and tetrapyrrole macrocycles 2. Supramolecular chemistry within dendritic structures. Supramolecular definition and meaning collins english. Liquid interfaces, liquid crystals and liquid clathrates 685 10. Izatt editor august 2016, hardcover e book also available.
The integration of supramolecular chemistry into polymer chemistry has challenged chemists to synthesize architectures that can fold into welldefined 3d frameworks, owing to the potential to comprehend fundamental biological processes e. Applications in materials and organic electronics, pp. The notebook of dan shechtman dating the discovery of quasicrystals to 8 april 1982. Selfassembly and liquidcrystalline supramolecular organizations of semifluorinated block codendritic supermolecules izabela bury,a benoit heinrich,a cyril bourgogne,a georg h.
Micelles, liposomes and liquid crystals can also be referred to supramolecular structures. The pivotal text that bridges the gap between fundamentals and applications of soft matter in organic electronics. Supramolecular chemistry american chemical society. Supramolecular discotic liquid crystals from wedge. Disordered, quasicrystalline and crystalline phases of. Quasicrystalline ordering was first observed in synthetic multicomponent metallic alloys. The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces, electrostatic charge, or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding, provided that the electronic coupling strength remains small relative to the energy. The wholly complexed selfassembling dendrimers were evidenced by 1h nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Dendritic molecules are an exciting research topic because of their highly branched architecture, multiple functional groups on the periphery, and very pertinent features for various applications. Conspectussupramolecular dendritic polymers sdps, which perfectly combine the advantages of dendritic polymers with those of supramolecular polymers, are a novel class of noncovalently bonded, highly branched macromolecules with threedimensional globular topology. Novel types of order in soft matter have been discovered, including. It can be described as the study of systems which contain more than one molecule, and it aims to understand the structure, function, and properties of these assemblies. The synthesis and selforganizing behaviour into liquidcrystalline mesophases of two libraries of segmented block codendrimers are described. Supramolecular selection in molecular and framework co crystals ii abstract one of the ongoing challenges in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering is the development of methods for synthesising multifunctional crystalline materials that have predictable structural architectures and tunable solidstate properties.
1003 1043 306 626 1098 559 153 226 963 1371 415 870 472 988 641 1001 251 59 1081 499 496 337 1242 788 291 1359 343 562 443 1101 446 502 542 21 358 269 648 1031 405 733 1362 1440 112 636 964 299 161 664